Origin of the Universe

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Origin of the Universe : Theories

1. Geocentric Theory                Ptolemy                         AD 140

2. Heliocentric Theory              Copernicus                   AD 1543

3. Pulsating Theory                  

4. Steady State Theory              Bondi, Gold & Fred      

5. Big Bang Theory                   E George Lamantor       1960 - 70       Most widely accepted Theory

Solar System

1. Our Solar System    > The Galaxy where we live - Milky Way or Akash Ganga

                                    > The nearest large Galaxy of Milky Way is Andromeda Galaxy

                                    > The sun is the nearest star that we can see

                                    > After the sun, the nearest star is Alpha Centauri

                                    > The Sun's nearest known star is Proxima Centauri

                                    > stars are born in nebulae

                                    > A nebula is a cloud of gas (Hydrogen)

                                    > Explosive death of a star is called Supernova

2. About the Sun         > It is the nearest star that we can see

                                    > it contains 70% Hydrogen and 28% Helium

                                    > The temperature at the photosphere (a layer of the Sun's atmosphere)    

                                       is about 6000⁰C

                                    > A storm of hot atoms dissipates from the Photosphere

                                    > Chromosphere is located between the Photosphere and Corona

                                    > Solar cycle was discovered in 1843 by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe

                                    > The Sun continuously gives off light, Infra red, ultra violet, X-rays gamma  

                                      rays Radio waves and plasma

3. Planets                      > Origin of the word 'Planet' is -

                                    > All the planets are grouped into two classes -

                                    1. Terrestrial or Earth like planets (eg, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars)

                                    2. Jovian or Jupiter like planets (eg, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune)

                                    > Terrestrial planets are also known as Inner Planets and Jovian planets 

                                      called outer planets

                                    > A new planet 2003 UB 313 has been discovered which is bigger than 

                                       Pluto

                                    > Pluto known as 'Dwarf Planet'. In Roman mythology Pluto is the God of 

                                      the Underworld

                                    > Pluto has a single moon - Charon

                                    > Mercury has no natural satellite. Mariner 10 and Messenger is the 

                                     artificial satellites which surveyed the surface of the planet

                                    > Venus is known as 'Earth Twin' because of Proximity in size, mass and 

                                     density to Earth

                                    > Jupiter has the fastest Rotational Velocity

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